Mastering The Rear Naked Choke: BJJ's Ultimate Submission

The Rear Naked Choke (RNC) is arguably one of the most effective and iconic submissions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Its versatility and high success rate make it a staple in the arsenals of both novice and seasoned grapplers. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the intricacies of the RNC, covering everything from its mechanics and variations to its defensive strategies and training drills. Whether you're just starting your BJJ journey or looking to refine your submission game, understanding the rear naked choke is crucial for success on the mats.

Understanding the Mechanics of the Rear Naked Choke

The rear naked choke is a blood choke, meaning it restricts blood flow to the brain, leading to a rapid loss of consciousness if applied correctly. This makes it a highly effective and relatively safe submission when compared to joint locks. The choke works by applying pressure to the carotid arteries in the neck, disrupting blood flow and causing the opponent to submit or lose consciousness. The beauty of the RNC lies in its simplicity and effectiveness; however, mastering it requires a deep understanding of its mechanics and the subtle adjustments that make it work.

The Anatomy of a Choke

The rear naked choke primarily targets the carotid arteries, which are major blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. When these arteries are compressed, blood flow is restricted, leading to a rapid onset of dizziness and eventual unconsciousness. The choke also puts pressure on the vagus nerve, which can further contribute to the submission. Unlike air chokes, which restrict breathing, blood chokes are much faster and more efficient, typically resulting in a submission within seconds if applied correctly. The positioning of the arms is crucial; one arm goes around the opponent’s neck, while the other secures the bicep, creating a tight, inescapable grip.

Key Components of a Successful RNC

Several key components contribute to a successful RNC. First, securing a dominant back control position is essential. This involves getting both hooks in and maintaining control of your opponent’s upper body. Next, the grip is paramount. There are two primary grips used in the RNC: the Gable grip and the S-grip. The Gable grip involves interlocking your fingers, while the S-grip involves placing the wrist of one hand in the palm of the other. Both grips are effective, but the S-grip is often preferred for its added security and leverage. Once the grip is established, the choking arm needs to be properly positioned under the opponent’s chin, with the bicep pressing against the carotid artery. Finally, the finishing mechanics involve squeezing the choke while pulling the opponent’s head back, maximizing the pressure on the arteries. This combination of control, grip, positioning, and finishing mechanics makes the RNC a formidable submission.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even with a good understanding of the mechanics, there are common mistakes that can prevent the successful application of the RNC. One frequent error is not securing a tight enough grip. A loose grip allows the opponent to slip out or create space, negating the choke. Another mistake is positioning the choking arm incorrectly. If the bicep is not pressing firmly against the carotid artery, the choke will be ineffective. Additionally, failing to control the opponent’s posture can make the choke easier to defend. Keeping the opponent’s head pulled back and their posture broken is crucial for maintaining control and applying the choke effectively. Finally, rushing the finish can lead to mistakes. It’s important to maintain control and apply the choke slowly and deliberately, ensuring that all the components are in place for a successful submission.

Variations of the Rear Naked Choke

While the fundamental mechanics of the RNC remain consistent, there are several variations that can be employed depending on the situation and your personal preferences. These variations often involve adjustments to the grip, body positioning, or finishing mechanics, allowing you to adapt to different scenarios and opponents. Exploring these variations can add depth to your submission game and make you a more versatile grappler.

The Traditional RNC

The traditional RNC is the most common and fundamental variation. It involves securing the back control position, obtaining either the Gable or S-grip, positioning the choking arm under the opponent’s chin, and finishing by squeezing the choke while pulling the head back. This variation is effective because of its simplicity and directness. It relies on solid technique and control rather than complex maneuvers. The traditional RNC is often the first submission taught to BJJ beginners, and it remains a staple for advanced practitioners due to its reliability and high success rate. Mastering the traditional RNC is essential before moving on to more advanced variations.

The Arm Triangle RNC

The arm triangle RNC is a hybrid variation that combines elements of the traditional RNC with the arm triangle choke. In this variation, instead of using the second arm to secure the bicep, it’s used to frame the opponent’s head, creating additional pressure and control. This variation is particularly effective when the opponent is actively defending the traditional RNC by tucking their chin or creating space. By framing the head, you can isolate the opponent’s arm and neck, making it more difficult for them to escape. The finishing mechanics involve squeezing the choke while simultaneously applying pressure with the arm frame, creating a tight and inescapable submission. This variation requires a high level of control and precision but can be extremely effective against skilled defenders.

The Body Triangle RNC

The body triangle RNC involves securing a body triangle around the opponent’s torso in addition to the traditional RNC grip. The body triangle provides an additional layer of control, making it more difficult for the opponent to escape or defend the choke. This variation is particularly useful when your opponent is strong or explosive, as the body triangle limits their mobility and ability to generate power. Securing the body triangle also allows you to maintain a tight back control position, even if your opponent attempts to roll or scramble. The finishing mechanics are similar to the traditional RNC, but the added control from the body triangle makes the submission even tighter and more difficult to escape. This variation is a favorite among many high-level BJJ competitors due to its effectiveness in both gi and no-gi contexts.

Defending the Rear Naked Choke

Understanding how to defend the RNC is just as important as knowing how to apply it. Being caught in a rear naked choke can be a dire situation, and having effective defensive strategies can mean the difference between a tap and a loss of consciousness. Defense against the RNC involves preventing the choke from being fully applied, escaping the back control position, and creating space to alleviate pressure. Mastering these defensive techniques is crucial for any serious BJJ practitioner.

Preventing the Grip

The first line of defense against the RNC is preventing your opponent from securing the grip in the first place. This involves being aware of your opponent’s positioning and intentions, and actively defending against their attempts to secure back control. Keeping your chin tucked and your neck protected can make it more difficult for your opponent to get their arm under your chin. Controlling your opponent’s wrists and arms can also prevent them from establishing the necessary grips. Additionally, maintaining a strong posture and avoiding exposing your back can make it more challenging for your opponent to secure the back control position. Being proactive in your defense and anticipating your opponent’s moves is key to preventing the RNC from being applied.

Escaping Back Control

If your opponent manages to secure back control, the next step is to escape the position. There are several techniques for escaping back control, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. One common escape involves turning towards your opponent and creating space to relieve pressure. This can be achieved by bridging and rolling, or by using your hands to push against your opponent’s legs or hips. Another escape involves peeling the opponent’s hooks and creating space to stand up or transition to a more favorable position. The key to escaping back control is to remain calm, create space, and move strategically to break free from the position. Practicing these escapes regularly will help you develop the muscle memory and timing needed to execute them effectively in live training or competition.

Breaking the Choke

If the RNC is already being applied, breaking the choke becomes the priority. This involves creating space between your neck and your opponent’s arm, and preventing them from fully tightening the choke. One technique for breaking the choke is to grab your opponent’s choking arm and peel it away from your neck. This can be difficult if the choke is already tight, but creating even a small amount of space can make a significant difference. Another technique involves tucking your chin and shrugging your shoulders to protect your neck. This makes it more difficult for your opponent to fully compress the carotid arteries. Additionally, you can try to turn towards your opponent to relieve pressure or create an opportunity to escape. Breaking the choke requires a combination of strength, technique, and strategy, and it’s crucial to react quickly and decisively to avoid losing consciousness.

Training Drills for the Rear Naked Choke

Consistent training and drilling are essential for mastering the RNC. Drilling allows you to develop the muscle memory, timing, and technique needed to apply the choke effectively in live sparring or competition. There are several drills that can help you improve your RNC, ranging from positional drills to live sparring scenarios. Incorporating these drills into your training regimen will accelerate your progress and make you a more formidable grappler.

Positional Drilling

Positional drilling involves practicing specific scenarios or positions in a controlled environment. For the RNC, positional drills might focus on securing back control, establishing the grip, or finishing the choke. One common drill involves starting in the back control position and practicing the transition to the RNC. This drill helps you develop the fluidity and timing needed to secure the choke quickly and efficiently. Another positional drill involves starting with the grip already established and practicing the finishing mechanics. This drill focuses on refining your squeezing technique and ensuring that you’re applying the choke correctly. Positional drilling allows you to break down the components of the RNC and work on each aspect individually, leading to a deeper understanding and improved execution.

Resistance Drilling

Resistance drilling adds an element of realism to your training by incorporating resistance from your training partner. In these drills, your partner will actively resist your attempts to secure or finish the RNC, forcing you to adapt and adjust your technique. One common resistance drill involves your partner defending the choke by tucking their chin or creating space, while you work to overcome their defenses and finish the submission. Another drill involves your partner attempting to escape back control, while you work to maintain the position and set up the RNC. Resistance drilling helps you develop the problem-solving skills and adaptability needed to apply the RNC in live sparring or competition. It also allows you to identify weaknesses in your technique and make necessary adjustments.

Live Sparring

Live sparring is the ultimate test of your RNC skills. In live sparring, you’ll have the opportunity to apply the RNC against a fully resisting opponent in a dynamic and unpredictable environment. Sparring allows you to integrate all the components of the RNC – from securing back control to finishing the choke – and apply them in a realistic setting. It also helps you develop the timing, reflexes, and decision-making skills needed to succeed in live combat. When sparring, it’s important to focus on applying the RNC with control and precision, rather than simply trying to force the submission. Experimenting with different variations and setups, and paying attention to your opponent’s reactions, will help you refine your technique and become a more effective grappler. Regular sparring is essential for mastering the RNC and integrating it into your overall BJJ game.

Conclusion

The rear naked choke is a powerful and versatile submission that is essential for any BJJ practitioner to master. Its effectiveness lies in its ability to quickly and efficiently restrict blood flow to the brain, leading to a submission in a matter of seconds. By understanding the mechanics of the choke, exploring its variations, learning effective defenses, and incorporating consistent training drills, you can add this formidable submission to your arsenal and become a more well-rounded grappler. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced practitioner, the rear naked choke is a technique that will continue to serve you well on the mats.

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