Mastering The Rear Naked Choke In BJJ: A Comprehensive Guide

The rear naked choke (RNC) is arguably the most iconic and effective submission in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Its versatility, high success rate, and applicability in both sport BJJ and self-defense scenarios make it a cornerstone of any grappler's arsenal. This comprehensive guide will delve deep into the intricacies of the RNC, covering everything from its mechanics and variations to the strategies for securing and finishing the choke. Whether you are a beginner just starting your BJJ journey or an experienced practitioner looking to refine your technique, this guide will provide you with the knowledge and tools to master the rear naked choke.

Understanding the Mechanics of the Rear Naked Choke

At its core, the rear naked choke is a blood choke, meaning it restricts blood flow to the brain by compressing the carotid arteries in the neck. Unlike an air choke, which targets the trachea, a properly executed RNC can induce unconsciousness in a matter of seconds without causing significant long-term harm. This makes it a relatively safe submission when applied correctly in a controlled environment. The effectiveness of the rear naked choke stems from its mechanical efficiency. By using the structure of your arms and body to apply pressure, you can generate a powerful choking force even against a larger, stronger opponent. The key components of the choke include:

• The Arm Placement: One arm, typically the dominant arm, goes around the opponent's neck, with the bicep pressing against one carotid artery. The other arm secures the choking arm by gripping the bicep, creating a figure-four configuration.
• The Body Positioning: Your chest should be tight against your opponent's back, preventing them from posturing up or escaping. Your hips should be close to their hips, allowing you to use your entire body to generate pressure.
• The Head Position: Your head should be positioned to the side of your opponent's head, preventing them from turning into you and relieving the pressure. A common mistake is to place your head directly behind their head, which weakens the choke.

To truly master the rear naked choke, it’s crucial to understand the anatomy involved. The carotid arteries, located on either side of the neck, are the primary targets. When compressed, blood flow to the brain is restricted, leading to a rapid loss of consciousness. Simultaneously, pressure is applied to the jugular veins, which hinders blood flow away from the brain, further accelerating the choking effect. The correct arm placement is vital for the choke’s efficacy. The choking arm must be snug against the neck, with the forearm deeply embedded and the bicep pressing firmly against the carotid artery. The supporting arm reinforces the choke by clasping the choking arm’s bicep, creating a solid, interlocking structure. This grip allows for maximum pressure to be exerted.

The figure-four configuration isn’t just about arm placement; it’s about leveraging your entire body. A tight chest-to-back connection prevents the opponent from creating space, which they might use to escape. Similarly, hip-to-hip proximity ensures that you can use your lower body to drive the choke. This holistic approach maximizes the force applied, making the choke significantly more effective. Head positioning often gets overlooked, but it’s a critical element. Keeping your head to the side of the opponent's head not only prevents them from turning into you but also maintains the integrity of your choking structure. Placing your head directly behind theirs compromises your leverage and can weaken the choke. By understanding and implementing these foundational mechanics, you set the stage for a successful rear naked choke. It’s not just about squeezing hard; it’s about applying pressure efficiently and effectively. Practicing these fundamentals regularly will build a solid foundation for more advanced techniques and variations.

Variations of the Rear Naked Choke

While the fundamental mechanics of the RNC remain consistent, several variations exist, each with its nuances and optimal application scenarios. Understanding these variations can significantly expand your RNC game and allow you to adapt to different situations and opponent reactions.

• The Gable Grip RNC: This is perhaps the most common variation, where the choking arm's hand grips the other hand, forming a strong, interlocking grip. The gable grip provides a solid structure for applying pressure and is often preferred for its simplicity and effectiveness.
• The S-Grip RNC: In this variation, the choking arm's hand grips the wrist of the supporting arm, forming an "S" shape. The S-grip can be advantageous for generating more pulling power and tightening the choke, particularly if you have shorter arms.
• The One-Handed RNC: As the name suggests, this variation involves using only one arm to secure the choke. While less powerful than the two-handed variations, the one-handed RNC can be a valuable option when your other arm is compromised or unavailable. It often relies more on positional control and squeezing power.

Each variation of the Rear Naked Choke brings its unique set of advantages and is suited to different grappling scenarios. The Gable Grip RNC, renowned for its simplicity and robustness, forms a powerful interlocking structure by gripping one hand with the other. This grip is particularly effective for generating a consistent and firm pressure, making it a staple in many grapplers' arsenals. Its ease of application makes it an excellent choice for both beginners and advanced practitioners.

On the other hand, the S-Grip RNC introduces a different dynamic by having the choking arm’s hand grip the wrist of the supporting arm, creating an “S” shape. This variation shines in situations where you need to generate extra pulling power to tighten the choke. The S-Grip is especially beneficial for individuals with shorter arms, as it allows for a tighter, more compact grip, maximizing the force applied. The leverage gained from the S-Grip can make a significant difference in securing the submission against a resistant opponent.

The One-Handed RNC presents a unique challenge and opportunity. Unlike the other variations, it relies solely on one arm to execute the choke. While it may be less forceful than its two-handed counterparts, the One-Handed RNC is invaluable when one of your arms is compromised or otherwise engaged. This variation demands precise positional control and a strong squeezing power. It’s a testament to adaptability and efficiency, often employed when maintaining control and capitalizing on openings are paramount.

Understanding the nuances of each grip style and knowing when to apply them can drastically improve your success rate with the RNC. For instance, the Gable Grip may be your go-to for its reliability in most situations, while the S-Grip might be your secret weapon for those tougher, tighter squeezes. The One-Handed RNC, meanwhile, showcases your ability to adapt and improvise, turning potential setbacks into submission opportunities. By familiarizing yourself with these variations, you add layers to your game, making your RNC not just a technique, but a versatile tool in your grappling arsenal.

Strategies for Securing the Rear Naked Choke

Securing the rear naked choke often involves a combination of positional dominance, strategic movement, and capitalizing on openings. You can't simply jump to the back and expect to secure the choke immediately; you need to set it up strategically. Here are some effective strategies for getting to the back and securing the RNC:

• Back Takes from Guard: Many successful RNCs start from guard. Common back take entries include the scissor sweep back take, the pendulum sweep back take, and the butterfly guard back take. These techniques involve creating an off-balance and transitioning to your opponent's back as they try to recover.
• Turtle Position Attacks: When your opponent turtles up to defend, it can create an opportunity to attack the back. You can use techniques like the seatbelt grip and the body triangle to secure your position and set up the RNC.
• Standing Back Takes: In stand-up grappling, back takes can be achieved from various clinch positions. Techniques like the body lock takedown and the rear trip can lead directly to back control and RNC opportunities.

Successfully transitioning to your opponent’s back is the first critical step in setting up a Rear Naked Choke. This often requires a blend of technique, timing, and strategy. Starting from the guard, a foundational position in BJJ, offers numerous avenues for back takes. The scissor sweep back take, for example, is a dynamic technique that uses leverage and momentum to unbalance your opponent and create an opening to take their back. Similarly, the pendulum sweep back take leverages the pendulum motion of your legs to destabilize and transition behind them. The butterfly guard back take is another effective method, employing butterfly hooks to lift and sweep your opponent, creating the opportunity to secure back control.

The turtle position, a defensive posture where the opponent is hunched forward, can also be a goldmine for RNC setups. When an opponent turtles up to protect themselves, it often restricts their movement and vision, creating vulnerabilities. Utilizing a strong seatbelt grip – one arm across the opponent’s chest and the other around their neck – allows you to maintain a secure hold and dictate their movement. Adding a body triangle further solidifies your control, preventing escapes and setting the stage for the choke. From this position, you can methodically work to secure the neck and apply the RNC.

Stand-up grappling presents its unique set of opportunities for back takes and RNC setups. Clinch positions, where you’re in close proximity to your opponent, are ideal for executing back takes. Techniques such as the body lock takedown, where you wrap your arms around your opponent’s torso and lift them off the ground, can lead directly to back control. Another effective method is the rear trip, which involves using your leg to sweep your opponent’s leg out from under them, causing them to fall while you maintain your grip and transition to their back. These standing back takes are particularly useful in self-defense scenarios or competitive matches where takedowns are permitted.

Once you’ve secured the back, maintaining control is crucial. The seatbelt grip and body triangle are invaluable tools for this. The seatbelt grip allows you to control your opponent’s upper body, preventing them from turning or escaping. The body triangle, where you lock your legs around your opponent’s torso, further restricts their movement and enhances your control. From this dominant position, you can focus on securing the neck and applying the RNC. Setting up the choke often involves strategic hand fighting and adjustments. You may need to break their grip, create space, or maneuver their head to expose the neck. Patience and persistence are key. By combining these positional control techniques with strategic entries, you significantly increase your chances of securing the Rear Naked Choke.

Finishing the Rear Naked Choke

Once you have secured the rear naked choke grip, the final step is to finish the submission. The effectiveness of the finish depends on several factors, including the tightness of your grip, your body positioning, and your ability to generate pressure. Here are some key elements of a successful RNC finish:

• Tighten the Grip: Ensure that your choking arm is snug against your opponent's neck and that your grip is tight and secure. A loose grip will allow your opponent to escape or defend.
• Arch Your Back: Arching your back and pulling your elbows back can generate significant pressure on your opponent's neck. This movement helps to constrict the carotid arteries and accelerate the choking process.
• Squeeze and Pull: Simultaneously squeeze your arms and pull your elbows back to maximize the choking force. This combined action applies pressure to both carotid arteries, leading to a rapid loss of consciousness.

Finishing the Rear Naked Choke is an art that combines technique, pressure, and timing. Once you have secured the grip, the ultimate goal is to apply the choke effectively and efficiently, leading to a swift submission. The tightness of your grip is paramount. A loose grip not only diminishes the choke’s effectiveness but also provides your opponent with opportunities to escape or defend. Ensure that your choking arm is firmly pressed against their neck, with the bicep making solid contact with the carotid artery. Your hands must be interlocked securely, whether you’re using a Gable Grip or an S-Grip, to maintain this critical tightness.

Arching your back is a biomechanical key to maximizing the choke’s power. By arching your back and pulling your elbows backward, you create a lever action that amplifies the pressure on your opponent’s neck. This movement not only constricts the carotid arteries more effectively but also engages your entire body in the choking process. It’s a holistic application of force that significantly accelerates the choke.

The final squeeze and pull action is the culmination of all the elements working in harmony. As you squeeze your arms, you simultaneously pull your elbows back, intensifying the choking force. This combined action applies direct pressure to both carotid arteries, cutting off blood flow to the brain. The result is a rapid onset of unconsciousness if the technique is executed correctly. It’s a decisive and powerful finish that showcases the effectiveness of the Rear Naked Choke.

Throughout the finishing process, it's essential to maintain proper body positioning. Your chest should remain tight against your opponent’s back, preventing them from posturing up or creating space to escape. Your hips should be close to theirs, allowing you to drive the choke with your entire body weight. These positional nuances ensure that the pressure is concentrated where it needs to be: on their neck. A common mistake is to focus solely on arm strength, but the RNC is a full-body technique. Engaging your back, hips, and legs amplifies the choking force and minimizes the risk of fatigue.

Practicing the finish repeatedly will help you develop a feel for the correct pressure and timing. You’ll learn to recognize the subtle signs of your opponent’s resistance and adjust your technique accordingly. This sensitivity is what separates a good RNC from a great one. Additionally, always prioritize safety during training. Communicate clearly with your training partner and stop the choke as soon as they tap. This ensures a safe training environment and allows you to practice the technique without causing harm. The Rear Naked Choke is a potent submission, and mastering its finish requires a blend of technical precision, body awareness, and a commitment to safety.

Troubleshooting Common RNC Problems

Even with a solid understanding of the mechanics and strategies, you may encounter challenges when applying the RNC. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

• Opponent Defending the Grip: If your opponent is preventing you from locking your hands, try using hand fighting techniques to break their grip. You can also try switching to a different grip variation.
• Opponent Turning In: If your opponent is turning into you, it can relieve the pressure on their neck. Adjust your body position to maintain chest-to-back contact and prevent them from turning in.
• Opponent Stalling: If your opponent is stalling and not giving you an opportunity to finish the choke, try using body positioning adjustments or grip switches to create openings.

Even with a deep understanding of the Rear Naked Choke's principles and execution, real-world application can present a myriad of challenges. Troubleshooting common issues is essential for mastering this formidable submission. One frequent hurdle is the opponent’s active defense against your grip. If they are effectively blocking your attempts to lock your hands, it’s crucial to have a repertoire of hand-fighting techniques. These involve using strategic grips, levers, and movements to break their defensive hold and clear the path for your choke. Experimenting with grip variations can also be a game-changer. If a Gable Grip isn’t working, switching to an S-Grip might provide the angle or leverage needed to secure the submission.

Another common defensive tactic is the opponent turning into you. This maneuver can relieve the pressure on their neck, making it significantly harder to finish the choke. To counteract this, maintaining proper body positioning is paramount. Ensure that your chest remains tightly connected to their back, which prevents them from creating space to turn. Adjusting your hip position can also help maintain this crucial chest-to-back contact. By staying glued to your opponent, you limit their ability to alleviate the pressure and keep the choke engaged.

Sometimes, an opponent might resort to stalling tactics, effectively shutting down your opportunities to finish the choke. In such scenarios, static strength alone won’t suffice; you need to introduce dynamic adjustments. This might involve subtle shifts in your body positioning to create openings or shifting your grip to apply pressure from a different angle. The key is to disrupt their defensive posture and force a reaction, which can create the necessary window to finish the choke. It's also important to be patient and persistent. The RNC is a high-percentage submission, but it often requires a strategic approach to set up and execute correctly.

Beyond these technical adjustments, mental resilience is crucial. It's easy to become frustrated when an opponent is defending well, but maintaining composure and continuing to problem-solve is essential. Remember to focus on the fundamental principles of the choke: maintaining a tight grip, applying pressure to the carotid arteries, and controlling your opponent's body position. Regularly drilling the RNC in various scenarios, including those where your opponent is actively defending, will significantly enhance your ability to troubleshoot problems in real-time. This practice fosters the muscle memory and tactical awareness needed to adapt and overcome challenges, ultimately transforming you into a more proficient grappler. By addressing these common issues with strategic solutions, you can refine your Rear Naked Choke, making it an even more reliable weapon in your BJJ arsenal.

Conclusion

The rear naked choke is a powerful and versatile submission that every BJJ practitioner should strive to master. By understanding its mechanics, variations, and strategies for securing and finishing the choke, you can significantly enhance your grappling game. Remember to practice diligently, troubleshoot common problems, and always prioritize safety in training. With dedication and consistent effort, you can make the RNC a formidable part of your submission arsenal.

To further enhance your knowledge and skills in BJJ, consider exploring resources like the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) official website for rules, techniques, and competition information. https://ibjjf.com/